Machine Failure Analysis is a structured approach to identify the root cause of equipment failures, prevent recurrence, and improve machine reliability, uptime, and safety
Why Machine Failure Analysis Is Important
- Reduces repeated breakdowns
- Minimizes unplanned downtime
- Improves MTBF & OEE
- Lowers maintenance cost
- Supports continuous improvement
Types of Machine Failures
- Mechanical – bearing wear, misalignment, fatigue
- Electrical – motor failure, wiring issues, overload
- Hydraulic / Pneumatic – leakage, pressure loss
- Control / PLC – sensor failure, logic error
- Human / Process – improper operation, missed PM
Failure Analysis Process (Step-by-Step)
Failure Detection
- Machine breakdown / abnormal behavior
- Alarm, sensor alert, or operator report
Failure Data Collection
- Machine ID & location
- Date, time, duration
- Failure symptoms
- Operating conditions
- Photos, videos, logs
Failure Classification
- Failure mode (what failed?)
- Failure type (mechanical, electrical, etc.)
- Severity & criticality
Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
Common methods used:
- 5 Why Analysis
- Fishbone (Ishikawa) Diagram
- FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
Corrective & Preventive Action (CAPA)
- Immediate corrective action
- Long-term preventive solution
- Process or design changes
- Training or SOP updates
Verification & Monitoring
- Monitor recurrence
- Update maintenance plan
- Measure MTBF, MTTR improvement
